# 终极截屏 - **-(void)snapshotForView:(__kindof UIView *)view;** 今天新学到这种写法,__kindof 是苹果声明的一个特性,是 Xcode7 出现的新特性。 - 假如我们想声明一个方法,这个方法的参数必须是一个 UIView 类型的对象,那么我们应该可以写成下面这个样子 ``` -(void)snapshotForView:(UIView *)view; ``` - 那么我们想声明一个方法,这个方法的参数必须是 UIView 及其 UIView 的子类,那么前一种写法就满足不了我们的需求了,这时候引入了 __kindof 方法 ``` -(void)snapshotForView:(__kindof UIView *)view; ``` **UIWebView 截图** 对 UIWebView 截图比较简单,renderInContext 这个方法相信大家都不会陌生,这个方法是 CALayer 的一个实例方法,可以用来对大部分 View 进行截图。我们知道,UIWebView 承载内容的其实是作为其子 View 的 UIScrollView,所以对 UIWebView 截图应该对其 scrollView 进行截图。具体的截图方法如下: ``` - (void)snapshotForScrollView:(UIScrollView *)scrollView { // 1. 记录当前 scrollView 的偏移和位置 CGPoint currentOffset = scrollView.contentOffset; CGRect currentFrame = scrollView.frame; scrollView.contentOffset = CGPointZero; // 2. 将 scrollView 展开为其实际内容的大小 scrollView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, scrollView.contentSize.width, scrollView.contentSize.height); // 3. 第三个参数设置为 0 表示设置为屏幕的默认缩放因子 UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(scrollView.contentSize, YES, 0); [scrollView.layer renderInContext:UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()]; UIImage *snapshotImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); // 4. 重新设置 scrollView 的偏移和位置,还原现场 scrollView.contentOffset = currentOffset; scrollView.frame = currentFrame; } ``` **WKWebView 截图** 虽然 WKWebView 里也有 scrollView,但是直接对这个 scrollView 截图得到的是一片空白的,具体原因不明。一番 Google 之后可以看到好些人提到 drawViewHierarchyInRect 方法, 可以看到这个方法是 iOS 7.0 开始引入的。官方文档中描述为: > Renders a snapshot of the complete view hierarchy as visible onscreen into the current context. 注意其中的 **visible onscreen**,也就是将屏幕中可见部分渲染到上下文中,这也解释了为什么对 WKWebView 中的 scrollView 展开为实际内容大小,再调用 drawViewHierarchyInRect 方法总是得到一张不完整的截图(只有屏幕可见区域被正确截到,其他区域为空白)。 不过,这样倒是给我们提供了一个思路,可以将 WKWebView 按屏幕高度裁成 n 页,然后将 WKWebView 一页一页的往上推,每推一页就调用一次 drawViewHierarchyInRect 将当前屏幕的截图渲染到上下文中,最后调用 UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext 从上下文中获取的图片即为完整截图。 核心代码如下: ``` - (void)snapshotForWKWebView:(WKWebView *)webView { // 1 UIView *snapshotView = [webView snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:YES]; [webView.superview addSubview:snapshotView]; // 2 CGPoint currentOffset = webView.scrollView.contentOffset; ... // 3 UIView *containerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:webView.bounds]; [webView removeFromSuperview]; [containerView addSubview:webView]; // 4 CGSize totalSize = webView.scrollView.contentSize; NSInteger page = ceil(totalSize.height / containerView.bounds.size.height); webView.scrollView.contentOffset = CGPointZero; webView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, containerView.bounds.size.width, webView.scrollView.contentSize.height); UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(totalSize, YES, UIScreen.mainScreen.scale); [self drawContentPage:0 maxIndex:page completion:^{ UIImage *snapshotImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); // 8 [webView removeFromSuperview]; ... }]; } - (void)drawContentPage(NSInteger)index maxIndex:(NSInteger)maxIndex completion:(dispatch_block_t)completion { // 5 CGRect splitFrame = CGRectMake(0, index * CGRectGetHeight(containerView.bounds), containerView.bounds.size.width, containerView.frame.size.height); CGRect myFrame = webView.frame; myFrame.origin.y = -(index * containerView.frame.size.height); webView.frame = myFrame; // 6 [targetView drawViewHierarchyInRect:splitFrame afterScreenUpdates:YES]; // 7 if (index < maxIndex) { [self drawContentPage:index + 1 maxIndex:maxIndex completion:completion]; } else { completion(); } } ``` 代码注意项如下(对应代码注释中的序号): 1. 为了截图时对 frame 进行操作不会出现闪屏等现象,我们需要盖一个“假”的 webView 到现在的位置上,并将真正的 webView “摘下来”。调用 snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates 即可得到这样一个“假”的 webView 2. 保存真正的 webView 的偏移、位置等信息,以便截图完成之后“还原现场” 3. 用一个新的视图承载“真正的” webView,这个视图也是绘图所用到的上下文 4. 将 webView 按照实际内容高度和屏幕高度分成 page 页 5. 得到每一页的实际位置,并将 webView 往上推到该位置 6. 调用 drawViewHierarchyInRect 将当前位置的 webView 渲染到上下文中 7. 如果还未到达最后一页,则递归调用 drawViewHierarchyInRect 方法进行渲染;如果已经渲染完了全部页,则回调通知截图完成 8. 调用 UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext 方法从当前上下文中获取到完整截图,将第 2 步中保存的信息重新赋予到 webView 上,“还原现场” 注意:我们的截图方法中有对 webView 的 frame 进行操作,如果其他地方如果有对 frame 进行操作的话,是会影响我们截图的。所以在截图时应该禁用掉其他地方对 frame 的改变,就像这样: ``` - (void)layoutWebView { if (!_isCapturing) { self.wkWebView.frame = [self frameForWebView]; } } ``` ``` #import @class PPSnapshotHandler; @protocol PPSnapshotHandlerDelegate @optional - (void)snapshotHandler:(PPSnapshotHandler *)snapshotHandler didFinish:(UIImage *)captureImage forView:(UIView *)view; @end @interface PPSnapshotHandler : NSObject + (instancetype)defaultHandler; @property (nonatomic, weak) id delegate; - (void)snapshotForView:(__kindof UIView *)view; @end #import "PPSnapshotHandler.h" #import #define DELAY_TIME_DRAW 0.1 @interface PPSnapshotHandler () { BOOL _isCapturing; UIView *_captureView; } @end @implementation PPSnapshotHandler + (instancetype)defaultHandler { static dispatch_once_t onceToken; static PPSnapshotHandler *defaultHandler = nil; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ defaultHandler = [[PPSnapshotHandler alloc] init]; }); return defaultHandler; } #pragma mark - public method - (void)snapshotForView:(__kindof UIView *)view { if (!view || _isCapturing) { return; } _captureView = view; if ([view isKindOfClass:[UIScrollView class]]) { [self snapshotForScrollView:(UIScrollView *)view]; } else if ([view isKindOfClass:[UIWebView class]]) { UIWebView *webView = (UIWebView *)view; [self snapshotForScrollView:webView.scrollView]; } else if ([view isKindOfClass:[WKWebView class]]) { [self snapshotForWKWebView:(WKWebView *)view]; } } #pragma mark - WKWebView - (void)snapshotForWKWebView:(WKWebView *)webView { UIView *snapshotView = [webView snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:YES]; snapshotView.frame = webView.frame; [webView.superview addSubview:snapshotView]; CGPoint currentOffset = webView.scrollView.contentOffset; CGRect currentFrame = webView.frame; UIView *currentSuperView = webView.superview; NSUInteger currentIndex = [webView.superview.subviews indexOfObject:webView]; UIView *containerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:webView.bounds]; [webView removeFromSuperview]; [containerView addSubview:webView]; CGSize totalSize = webView.scrollView.contentSize; NSInteger page = ceil(totalSize.height / containerView.bounds.size.height); webView.scrollView.contentOffset = CGPointZero; webView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, containerView.bounds.size.width, webView.scrollView.contentSize.height); UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(totalSize, YES, UIScreen.mainScreen.scale); [self drawContentPage:containerView webView:webView index:0 maxIndex:page completion:^{ UIImage *snapshotImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); [webView removeFromSuperview]; [currentSuperView insertSubview:webView atIndex:currentIndex]; webView.frame = currentFrame; webView.scrollView.contentOffset = currentOffset; [snapshotView removeFromSuperview]; self->_isCapturing = NO; if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(snapshotHandler:didFinish:forView:)]) { [self.delegate snapshotHandler:self didFinish:snapshotImage forView:self->_captureView]; } }]; } - (void)drawContentPage:(UIView *)targetView webView:(WKWebView *)webView index:(NSInteger)index maxIndex:(NSInteger)maxIndex completion:(dispatch_block_t)completion { CGRect splitFrame = CGRectMake(0, index * CGRectGetHeight(targetView.bounds), targetView.bounds.size.width, targetView.frame.size.height); CGRect myFrame = webView.frame; myFrame.origin.y = -(index * targetView.frame.size.height); webView.frame = myFrame; dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(DELAY_TIME_DRAW * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ [targetView drawViewHierarchyInRect:splitFrame afterScreenUpdates:YES]; if (index < maxIndex) { [self drawContentPage:targetView webView:webView index:index + 1 maxIndex:maxIndex completion:completion]; } else { completion(); } }); } #pragma mark - UIScrollView - (void)snapshotForScrollView:(UIScrollView *)scrollView { CGPoint currentOffset = scrollView.contentOffset; CGRect currentFrame = scrollView.frame; scrollView.contentOffset = CGPointZero; scrollView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, scrollView.contentSize.width, scrollView.contentSize.height); UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(scrollView.contentSize, YES, UIScreen.mainScreen.scale); [scrollView.layer renderInContext:UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()]; UIImage *snapshotImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); scrollView.contentOffset = currentOffset; scrollView.frame = currentFrame; if (self.delegate && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(snapshotHandler:didFinish:forView:)]) { [self.delegate snapshotHandler:self didFinish:snapshotImage forView:_captureView]; } } @end ```